INTRODUCTION
Today, leading a warehousing and distribution operation is becoming more challenging. The cost of operating a facility is increasing through burgeoning labour costs, coupled with increases in costs to rent or build facilities. In addition, the rapid growth of e-commerce created more discerning consumers, placing new demands on warehouse teams to deliver at unprecedented service levels and in ways demanded by the customer. All this and then the recent pandemic, local and global political instability, new consumer protection laws, and increased regulations and safety requirements create unprecedented demands on businesses.