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Climate Action and Energy Security By Charmaine Nkosi

The Role of Electric Vehicles in Achieving Effective Climate Action

The transportation sector is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions worldwide. In South Africa, transport emissions account for 10.8% of total GHG emissions, with road transport responsible for 91.2% of these emissions. As the global community transitions towards a low-carbon economy, electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a critical solution for reducing emissions and advancing climate action.

South Africa’s Green Transport Strategy (GTS) 2018-2050 prioritises the adoption of EVs as a key mitigation measure to decarbonise the transport sector. The strategy outlines the need for policy interventions such as tax incentives, infrastructure development, and regulatory frameworks to accelerate EV adoption.

EVs have multiple benefits, including:

• Zero Tailpipe Emissions: Unlike internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, EVs do not emit CO₂ or other pollutants that contribute to climate change and air pollution.
• Energy Efficiency: EVs are more energy-efficient than fossil fuel-powered vehicles, consuming less energy per kilometre travelled.
• Integration with Renewable Energy: When charged using solar, wind, or other renewable energy sources, EVs can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of the transport sector.

However, South Africa’s EV market is still in its infancy, with policy gaps, high costs, and limited charging infrastructure hindering widespread adoption. The country’s Just Energy Transition Investment Plan (JET-IP) recognises the role of EVs in decarbonising transport but stresses the need for greater investment in local EV manufacturing, battery production, and charging networks.
Limitations and Opportunities for Businesses in the Energy Sector

The transition to a sustainable energy future presents both challenges and opportunities for businesses in the energy sector.

Key Limitations:

• Dependence on Fossil Fuels: South Africa’s energy sector remains heavily reliant on coal, which generates more than 80% of the country’s electricity. This dependence slows down the transition to cleaner energy sources.
• High Initial Investment Costs: Renewable energy projects and EV infrastructure require significant capital investment, which can be a barrier for small businesses and emerging players.
• Regulatory and Policy Uncertainty: While the government has introduced policies such as the Electric Vehicles Regulatory Framework (2023), there is still a lack of clarity regarding incentives and long-term roadmaps for businesses investing in green transport.

Opportunities for Growth:

• Expansion of Renewable Energy Markets: The growing demand for clean energy presents new opportunities for companies specialising in solar, wind, and biofuels.
• Green Procurement and Public-Private Partnerships: Government initiatives like the Green Procurement Guideline (2023) encourage businesses to adopt low-carbon technologies, including electric and hybrid fleets.
• Job Creation in the Green Economy: The shift towards sustainable energy solutions can stimulate job growth in sectors such as EV manufacturing, battery production, and renewable energy installation.

For businesses to capitalise on these opportunities, investment in innovation, collaboration with policymakers, and skills development programs will be essential.

Alternative Solutions to Reduce Carbon Emissions in Transport

While EVs offer a promising pathway for decarbonising transport, non-motorised and public transport solutions play an equally important role in reducing carbon emissions.

Walking and Cycling as Sustainable Mobility Solutions

Promoting non-motorised transport (NMT), such as walking and cycling, can significantly reduce emissions while improving public health. The Green Transport Strategy (GTS) emphasises the need for safer pedestrian and cycling infrastructure in urban areas to encourage more people to choose active transport.

However, for this to become a reality, urban planning must prioritise accessibility, ensuring that essential facilities are within a 15-minute range. Cities like Cape Town and Johannesburg have started implementing dedicated cycling lanes and pedestrian-friendly urban designs, but greater investment is needed to scale these initiatives effectively

Public Transport as a Low-Carbon Alternative
A well-integrated and efficient public transport system is critical for reducing reliance on private vehicles. The South African government has invested in Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems, improved rail services, and ride-sharing platforms to provide affordable and sustainable alternatives.

Key benefits of public transport for climate action:

• Lower per-capita emissions compared to private vehicles.
• Reduced traffic congestion, leading to lower fuel consumption and pollution.
• Improved accessibility for low-income communities, supporting equitable economic development.

Shifting Freight Transport from Road to Rail

Heavy trucks contribute significantly to South Africa’s transport emissions and cause significant damage to our roads. The National Transport Master Plan (2018) advocates for a modal shift from road to rail, which is more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly. Investing in modernising rail infrastructure can reduce freight-related emissions while enhancing logistics efficiency.

Achieving climate action and energy security in South Africa requires a multifaceted approach that integrates electric mobility, renewable energy investment, and sustainable transport alternatives. While EV adoption plays a critical role in reducing emissions, complementary solutions such as public transport, non-motorised mobility, and freight rail modernisation are equally important.

Businesses in the energy sector must adapt to emerging trends, leverage policy support, and innovate to thrive in the green economy. With the right investments and strategic planning, South Africa can achieve a just transition towards a cleaner, more resilient transport sector.

References

1. Department of Transport. Green Transport Strategy (2018-2050). chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.changing-transport.org/wp-content/uploads/I_K_Green-Transport-Strategy_South-Africa_2018_EN.pdf

2. Presidential Climate Commission. Just Energy Transition Investment Plan (JET-IP) 2023. https://www.climatecommission.org.za/publications/sa-jet-ip

3. Department of Trade and Industry. Electric Vehicles Regulatory Framework (2023). Chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.thedtic.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/EV-White-Paper.pdf

4. National Planning Commission. National Transport Master Plan 2018.

5. International Energy Agency (IEA). Global EV Outlook 2023. Available at: www.iea.org

About the author

Charmaine Nkosi
Social Impact Analyst

Charmaine Nkosi

Charmaine Nkosi is a dedicated Social Impact Analyst with a passion for sustainability, ESG, and Africa’s development. She channels her love for writing into creating awareness around the green economy.